Major Genealogy Databases
The big record collections. Start with the free ones; most paid sites offer free access at public libraries and FamilySearch centers.
- FamilySearchfree
The largest free genealogy site: billions of indexed records, a shared family tree, and the Research Wiki.
- Ancestrypaid
The largest commercial collection of records and user trees, with exclusive census, military and immigration indexes.
- MyHeritagepaid
Strong European records and automatic record matching for your tree.
- Findmypastpaid
Best-in-class for British and Irish records.
- American Ancestorspaid
New England Historic Genealogical Society databases; deepest for colonial New England.
- Archives.compaid
A lower-cost subscription built on many of the same U.S. records.
U.S. Government & National Archives
Original federal records, most of them free.
- National Archives: Genealogyfree
Census, military, immigration, land and naturalization records held by NARA.
- 1950 Census Websitefree
Search and browse the most recently released federal census.
- NARA Access to Archival Databasesfree
Searchable WWII enlistment records, immigrant passenger lists and more.
- Library of Congress: Local History & Genealogyfree
Research guides and one of the largest genealogy book collections anywhere.
- BLM General Land Office Recordsfree
Federal land patents for the 30 public-land states, with images.
- USCIS Genealogy Programfee
Request naturalization certificate files, alien registrations and A-Files.
Census & Vital Records
The backbone of most family trees.
- CDC: Where to Write for Vital Recordsfree
Every state's vital records office, fees and what years they hold.
- FamilySearch Census Recordsfree
Guide to every federal census with links to free indexes.
- Steve Morse One-Step Toolsfree
Power-search forms for census, Ellis Island and vital record indexes, plus enumeration district finders.
- VitalSearchfree
Free California and other vital record images and indexes.
Cemeteries & Obituaries
Gravestones and obituaries often give dates, maiden names and family relationships.
- Find a Gravefree
Over 200 million volunteer-contributed memorials, often with photos and family links.
- BillionGravesfree
GPS-tagged headstone photos with transcriptions.
- VA Nationwide Gravesite Locatorfree
Burials of veterans in national and many state veterans' cemeteries.
- Interment.netfree
Cemetery transcriptions from around the world.
Newspapers
Obituaries, marriages, social notes and legal notices fill gaps that official records leave.
- Chronicling Americafree
Library of Congress collection of digitized U.S. newspapers, 1770–1963.
- Google News Archivefree
Browse scanned historical newspapers (no keyword search).
- Fulton Historyfree
Tens of millions of pages, strongest for New York.
- Newspapers.compaid
The largest commercial newspaper archive.
- GenealogyBankpaid
Newspapers plus a large modern obituary collection.
- NewspaperArchivepaid
Small-town U.S. and international newspapers.
Libraries, Books & Digital Collections
Published county histories, family genealogies and digitized books.
- Allen County Public Library Genealogy Centerfree
One of the largest genealogy libraries in North America, with free databases.
- FamilySearch Booksfree
Hundreds of thousands of digitized family and local histories.
- Internet Archivefree
Digitized county histories, directories and genealogies.
- HathiTrustfree
Millions of digitized library books, many full-text.
- Digital Public Library of Americafree
Searches photos, manuscripts and records from thousands of U.S. institutions.
- WorldCatfree
Find which library holds a specific book or microfilm.
Maps & Boundaries
County lines moved constantly. Knowing the right jurisdiction tells you where the records are.
- Atlas of Historical County Boundariesfree
Newberry Library maps of every U.S. county boundary change.
- Historical County Lines (randymajors.org)free
Overlay historical county lines on Google Maps for any year.
- David Rumsey Map Collectionfree
More than 100,000 high-resolution historical maps.
- Sanborn Fire Insurance Mapsfree
Building-by-building town maps, 1867–1970.
- USGS Geographic Names (GNIS)free
Locate vanished towns, churches and cemeteries.
Military Records
Service, pension and bounty land files are among the richest genealogical records.
- Fold3paid
Digitized military records from the Revolutionary War to Vietnam.
- NARA Military Recordsfree
Order service and pension files and request veterans' records.
- NPS Soldiers & Sailors Databasefree
6.3 million Union and Confederate soldier records.
- DAR Genealogical Research Systemfree
Revolutionary War patriots and descendant lineages.
Immigration & Naturalization
Trace the voyage and find the hometown.
- Statue of Liberty – Ellis Island Foundationfree
Passenger records for the Port of New York, 1820–1957.
- Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guildfree
Volunteer transcriptions of passenger manifests.
Heritage-Specific Research
Records and communities focused on particular ancestral groups.
- Enslaved.orgfree
Linked data on people involved in the historical slave trade.
- Last Seen: Finding Family After Slaveryfree
Newspaper ads placed by formerly enslaved people searching for family.
- AfriGeneasfree
African American genealogy community and resources.
- SlaveVoyagesfree
Records of over 36,000 slaving voyages.
- NARA: Native American Recordsfree
Tribal rolls, BIA records and research guides.
- Access Genealogyfree
Native American tribal histories and roll transcriptions.
- JewishGenfree
Jewish genealogy databases, town finder and burial registry.
- Yad Vashem Names Databasefree
Records of Holocaust victims.
- Somos Primosfree
Hispanic heritage and genealogy resources.
DNA & Genetic Genealogy
Test, then use analysis tools to turn matches into ancestors.
- AncestryDNApaid
The largest DNA match database.
- 23andMepaid
Autosomal testing with health options.
- MyHeritage DNApaid
Strong European match base. Requires a MyHeritage test; uploads from other companies are no longer accepted.
- FamilyTreeDNApaid
The leader in Y-DNA and mitochondrial DNA testing.
- GEDmatchfree
Upload raw DNA from any company to compare across databases.
- DNA Painterfree
Chromosome mapping, the Shared cM Project tool and What Are the Odds.
- ISOGG Wikifree
The reference wiki for genetic genealogy concepts.
International Research
Once you've crossed the ocean, these are the best starting points.
- FreeBMD (England & Wales)free
Free index to civil births, marriages and deaths from 1837.
- The National Archives (UK)free
Research guides and records for England, Wales and the UK government.
- ScotlandsPeoplefee
Official Scottish parish, civil and census records.
- IrishGenealogy.iefree
Free Irish civil and church records.
- National Archives of Ireland Censusfree
Free 1901 and 1911 Irish census returns.
- Library and Archives Canadafree
Canadian census, immigration and military records.
- Antenati (Italy)free
Italian civil records from state archives, free images.
- Archion (Germany)paid
German Protestant church books online.
- Meyers Gazetteer (Germany)free
Locate German Empire towns and their parishes.
- Digitalarkivet (Norway)free
Free Norwegian censuses, church books and emigrant lists.
- Riksarkivet (Sweden)free
Swedish National Archives with free church record images.
- Open Archives (Netherlands)free
Millions of Dutch and Belgian records in one search.
- Trove (Australia)free
Free digitized Australian newspapers and records.
- Papers Past (New Zealand)free
Free digitized New Zealand newspapers.
Methodology, Directories & Tools
Learn the craft and keep your research organized.
- FamilySearch Research Wikifree
Hundreds of thousands of how-to and locality articles.
- Cyndi's Listfree
The classic categorized directory of genealogy links.
- USGenWeb Projectfree
Volunteer-run state and county genealogy sites.
- Linkpendiumfree
Millions of links sorted by locality and surname.
- Board for Certification of Genealogistsfree
Standards, the Genealogical Proof Standard and skill-building resources.
- National Genealogical Societypaid
Courses, conferences and the NGS Quarterly.
- Evidence Explainedpaid
The standard reference for citing genealogical sources.
- Grampsfree
Free, open-source family tree software.